The toll of Pakistan’s fractured security policy isn't felt in courtrooms or constitutional debates; it is paid daily on the streets of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. When a police checkpoint in Deraban or Lakki Marwat comes under fire, the officers standing guard aren't thinking about the division of powers between Islamabad and Peshawar. Yet, their ability toREAD MORE
Militarization of vital Strategic naval gateways by state and non-state actors has become a new normal in maneuvering international politics. Chokepoints are better understood as sites where geography, security politics and market expectations converge, and where risk is distributed as much by perception as by physical disruption. These narrow passageways, having immense significance, are instrumentalizedREAD MORE
The Permanent Court of Arbitration’s (PCA) decision puts legal rules above politics, making it clear that countries cannot unilaterally suspend an international treaty even during armed conflicts. The award by PCA of rejecting India’s attempt to hold the IWT ‘in abeyance,’ the Court reflected that on India’s move that it is not a valid legalREAD MORE
The future of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement should not be determined by how effectively it can transform a political commitment into a credible regional security architecture. The need for expansion arises from the changing nature of threats confronting the three founding members, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye. The agreement signed in Al Safa Palace,READ MORE