Backgrounder

Coronavirus disease 2019 0
- Backgrounder
- September 1, 2026
COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever,[7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.[8][9][10] Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus.
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Civilian trial by the Military Courts of Pakistan 0
- Backgrounder
- February 11, 2025
The military tribunals in Pakistan have long been trying civilians accused of terrorism, and the sentences have varied from grant of clemency via mercy petitions to rigorous imprisonments and in some cases, death penalties. Military dictator Ayub Khan formalised the system of military trial of civilians in 1967 by inaugurating s.2(1)(d) and s.59(4) into PakistanREAD MORE
US Presidential Elections 0
- Backgrounder
- August 27, 2024
The United States presidential process is a complex one that encompasses a series of stages. These stages include Primaries, Party Conventions, the Election day itself, the Electoral College and the Role of Swing States. Pre-Election Phase Before the formal electoral process takes place candidates have to prepare for their presidential campaigns. This preparation often includesREAD MORE

Why does the Government want to amend the Elections Act 2017?0
- Backgrounder
- August 27, 2024
On the 30th of July 2024, a PML-N lawmaker presented a bill in the National Assembly suggesting amends to the Elections Act 2017. This was granted presidential assent and passed in the Nation Assembly on the 6th of August. Sections 66 and 104 of the 2017 Act have been amended under this bill. These amendmentsREAD MORE
Operation Azm e Isthekham: Explainer 0
- Backgrounder, Human Security
- July 10, 2024
Operation Azm-e-Isthekham is a contentious campaign, criticized for its aggressive tactics yet praised for its relentless pursuit of national stability. An important military operation called "Resolve for Stability," which is derived from Urdu, is about to be started by Pakistan in response to the urgent security threats posed by insurgency and terrorism. This operation isREAD MORE
Wheat Crisis and Food Security: Consequences for Farmers and Citizens of Pakistan 0
- Backgrounder
- May 31, 2024
Food security is core to basic human security; any disruption in the supply chain can cause instability within the country and insecurity among the citizens of Pakistan. Since the inception of Pakistan, agriculture has been the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Currently, it accounts for nearly 23 percent of total GDP of Pakistan, out of whichREAD MORE