The formation of a long-awaited maritime coalition in Middle East is here to protect the freedom of navigation along the trade route of Bab-al-Mandeb to the Mediterranean Sea via Rea Sea and Suez Canal. All eyes are on Saudi led maritime military coalition, an amalgam of 14 nations and EU. It is a maritime defense

The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye is the result of several converging strategic, economic and security factors rather than a response to a single regional threat. Growing instability in the Middle East, uncertainty surrounding existing security arrangements, Saudi Arabia's search for greater strategic autonomy, and the expanding defence cooperation between

The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement matters for the Middle East because it could make an attack on Saudi Arabia, Turkiye or Pakistan more costly and give each country greater confidence that it would not face a crisis alone. The three have agreed that an armed attack on one will be treated as an attack on

International law guarantees riparian states the right to equitable and reasonable utilisation of shared watercourses and protection from significant transboundary harm. Water is crucial to sustaining life, as its disruption can result in significant economic and humanitarian crises, potentially escalating to armed conflict. Hydrological geography determines whether a State is an upper or lower riparian,

The Gulf crises should not be viewed as a series of conflicts, but as an warning and a chance to look at the future of regional cooperation and unity among Muslims. The gulf region remains one of the world most strategically important region as it possesses the major energy resources, important religious sites and critical

The relationship between the United States and Iran has remained one of the most contentious rivalries in international politics. At the centre of this dispute lies Iran's nuclear programme. Washington concluded that diplomacy with Tehran was exhausted and wanted to degrade Iran nuclear program as it posed an unacceptable threat to regional and international security.