International law guarantees riparian states the right to equitable and reasonable utilisation of shared watercourses and protection from significant transboundary harm. Water is crucial to sustaining life, as its disruption can result in significant economic and humanitarian crises, potentially escalating to armed conflict. Hydrological geography determines whether a State is an upper or lower riparian,

The Gulf crises should not be viewed as a series of conflicts, but as an warning and a chance to look at the future of regional cooperation and unity among Muslims. The gulf region remains one of the world most strategically important region as it possesses the major energy resources, important religious sites and critical

The relationship between the United States and Iran has remained one of the most contentious rivalries in international politics. At the centre of this dispute lies Iran's nuclear programme. Washington concluded that diplomacy with Tehran was exhausted and wanted to degrade Iran nuclear program as it posed an unacceptable threat to regional and international security.

The renewed Iran–US conflict was not simply a repeat of the opening campaign. Initially, it was based on the expectation that military destruction would weaken Iran’s political system and force change to bring a regime favorable to the US, while the renewed conflict became a struggle over bargaining power, maritime pressure and preferable settlement terms

Rivers and their water, historically, have remained a red line for almost every civilization. Access to water has always been essential for ancient settlements. In today’s modern times, things remain largely unchanged. In almost every part of the world, there is an issue linked to either oceans, seas, or rivers. The subcontinent, after its independence

Throughout history, dominant powers have played a significant role in shaping international relations. Superpowers have often influenced the affairs of other states through political pressure, economic sanctions, and diplomatic negotiations. Today, the world has the United States. One of the most recent examples of hegemonic influence in the affairs of another state is US-Iran conflict.