Blog 3 Columns

  • What International Laws apply to Cyberspace?0

    Cyber activities have become an integral part of international relations as the interconnectedness of networks, technologies and cyber processes have opened up new opportunities for cooperation between State and non-State actors. While cyber-space has its advantages, it has also created new vulnerabilities, such as cybercrimes including identify theft, hacking, etc. Cyber attacks and their consequences

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  • What Are Pakistan’s Cybersecurity Laws?0

    The modern world is undergoing a continuous transformation in this digital age, which has profoundly influenced and changed socio-cultural, economic, political, and security dynamics as we know them. The emergent virtual world, with its widespread interconnected global digital technology and rapid communication systems, has resulted in the evolution of what we know as cyberspace. However,

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  • Should the State Bank be autonomous?0

    In wake of the government’s agreement with the IMF for reviving its $6 billion loan, it had committed to granting autonomous status to the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). For this purpose, the SBP Act, 1956 is being amended through the SBP (Amendment) Act, 2021 for enhanced central bank autonomy, price stability, and accountability. Although

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  • Is Pakistan Ready for EVMs?0

    The ruling Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) has been strongly campaigning for the last many months to use electronic voting machines (EVMs) in the next elections despite opposition parties’ disagreement over the introduction of this technology in the electoral process. The use of EVMs was approved by the joint session of the Parliament; however, questions come to

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  • Can laws help secure Pakistan’s cyberspace?0

    Over the past few years cybercrimes and offenses have emerged as a major threat to cyberspaces of states. Hence cybersecurity is gradually becoming a matter of national security for states. Quite recently, the Pegasus hacking spyware scandal prompted the Pakistani Government to formalize its first ever National Cyber Security Policy. Previous initiatives such as the

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  • The future of the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan0

    The Government announced that an agreement had been reached with the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) after negotiations were held between the two parties. While one of the central demands of the TLP was the expulsion of the French ambassador from Pakistan, it seems to be an achievement for the government that they managed to persuade the

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  • Implementing ICJ’s judgment on Jhadav – A question of National Security?0

    The lack of bipartisan consensus on the new bill introduced to implement the judgment of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) decision on Kulbhushan Jadhav reflects a substandard understanding of the national security paradigm in Pakistan. Adversarial states like India want Pakistan to be in defiance of the judgment of ICJ so a pathway for

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  • State versus TLP0

    While many may hold the belief that a far-right religious group is powerless when pitted against one of the nuclear states in the world, the reality in the case of Pakistan is quite different. Tahreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan seems to comprise the capability to extract concessions from the Pakistani government every time it marches towards Islamabad. Most

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  • The Legitimacy Conundrum – Pakistan and Tehreek-e-Taliban’s Agreement0

    Pakistan Government has announced a series of confidence-building measures with non-state actors such as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) which have bought an array of legitimacy questions to the forefront. Firstly, can the state of Pakistan enter into agreements through the executive (Government of Pakistan)? And secondly, are these agreements legally enforceable? These are complex questions as

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